About us | Contact Us | Advertise with Us | Support | Disclaimer | Privacy Policy | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Careers | Financial Terms (Glossary) | FAQs | Sitemap | RSS Feed Copyright © e-Eighteen.com Ltd. All rights reserved. Reproduction of news articles, photos, videos or any other content in whole or in part in any form or medium without express writtern permission of moneycontrol.com is prohibited.

The alleged fraudulent app was functional for a period of nine days during which the Chinese national managed to dupe victims ranging from age of 15 to 75 years The accused set up up shell companies to channel the money of users overseas through hawala networks By the time the Gujarat Police filed an FIR against the Chinese national, he fled the country to China The spate of scams related to online gaming continue unabated in the country. The Gujarat Police has now reportedly unearthed a major online gaming scam in which a Chinese national duped 1,200 people of nearly INR 1,400 Cr in a span of mere nine days.  At the heart of the matter is a gaming platform called ‘Dani Data’ app which allegedly lured users with high returns. After the users deposited the money, the app became non-functional after the nine-day period, and the depositors were unable to access their funds.  A senior police official told The Times of India that the app was functional for a period of nine days during which the Chinese national managed to dupe victims ranging from age of 15 to 75 years.  The users, who were expecting a windfall, were left to fend for themselves after the app became non-functional after nine days. It was then that the victims realised that their invested money was syphoned off. As complaints began to trickle, the Gujarat Police formed a special investigation team (SIT) to probe the matter. As per a local official, the issue first came to light in June 2022 when the local police learned that certain persons were targeting people in Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh via the Dani Data app.  After Agra police initiated a probe into the matter, the CID (Crime) team of the Gujarat Police began their investigation and found links between the fraudulent app and several other people in north Gujarat. As the investigation progressed, the name of a Chinese national, Woo Uyanbe, reportedly came to light.  “During our investigation, we learned that the Chinese national was in India between 2020 and 2022. He spent time in Patan and Banaskantha, where he met numerous locals and lured them with promises of wealth. He and his accomplices in Gujarat then launched the app in May 2022. It invited bets and promised substantial returns,” a police official was quoted as saying.  As the scam transpired and complaints piled up, the police acted swiftly and apprehended nine individuals connected to the matter. The accused are said to have allegedly helped Uyanbe by setting up shell companies to channel the money of users overseas by hawala networks.  Eventually, the Gujarat Police filed an FIR in Patan against Uyanbe for cheating and flouting the Information Technology Act. By then, the Chinese national, who operated the alleged scam out of Patan and Banskantha, fled the country to China. Eventually, a chargesheet was filed in the case in March this year. As per the report, the police is yet to gather sufficient evidence in the case against Uyanbe, while the government is yet to file an extradition request for the accused. Police sources also told the publication that Uyanbe continues to operate multiple fraudulent apps and currently operates his network out of China (Shenzhen) and regions such as Hong Kong and Singapore. This is the latest in a series of alleged money laundering scams, involving gaming apps, that have surfaced in the past few months. Earlier this week, it was reported that Cyprus-based online gaming platform Parimatch allegedly syphoned off INR 700 Cr outside India through a web of 400 shell companies with dummy directors.  Meanwhile, the government continues to tighten its grip on such offshore and Chinese-linked online gaming and betting platforms. In April this year, the DGGI issued notices to 38 such offshore platforms for allegedly laundering money and evading taxes. The government has also issued advisories to broadcasters, streaming platforms, Google and digital news publishers against airing online betting ads. 

Domestic brand Boult expanded its product portfolio in India with the launch of two new smartwatches and TWS earbuds. The latest wearables are — the Crown R, Drift 2 smartwatch and the W40 TWS earbuds. Both Crown R and the Drift 2 smartwatches have bezel-less HD displays. Meanwhile, the Boult W40TWS earbuds promise 48 hours of playtime and a quad-mic setup.The latest Boult smartwatches will be available on the company’s official website andFlipkart. On the other hand, the W40 TWS earbuds will be available on the e-commerce platform Amazon and Boult’s official website. Boult Crown R: Price, availability and specsThe Boult Crown R smartwatch is priced at Rs 2,499 and features a zinc alloy metallic frame. The company also offers dual-coloured metal straps, including Bullet Silver and Coal Black for this watch. This watch sports a 1.52-inch round bezel-less screen that supports HD resolution and 600 nits peak brightness. The Crown R supports 100 sports modes and health features like — SpO2 Blood Oxygen monitoring and Heart Rate tracking. Customers can also choose from 50 cloud-based watch faces on the Crown R which has a IP67 water-resistant rating.Boult Drift 2: Price, availability and specsThis smartwatch succeeds the Drift smartwatch which was launched in 2022. Priced at Rs 1,499, the latest Drift 2 watch boasts a 1.85-inch HD screen and supports over 100 sports modes. This watch also includes health features like SpO2 Blood Oxygen monitoring and Heart Rate tracking. The watch also supports SMS and notifications. Users can also long-press the crown to access Siri and Google Assistant. The Drift 2 has a zinc alloy frame and offers multiple strap colour options including — Pink, Blue and Black.Boult W40 TWS earbuds: Price, availability and specsBoult promises 48 hours of playtime and an ultra-low latency of 45ms for the latest W40 TWS earbuds. These earbuds also have a rubber grip and quad-mic setup that improves the calling experience. The Boult W40 is priced at Rs 899 and is available in four different colour variants — Berry Red, Ivory White, Denim Blue and Khaki Green.

The MoU between India and Trinidad and Tobago aims to leverage India Stack for joint digital progress, knowledge exchange and scaling local startup ecosystems India Stack comprises open APIs and digital public goods designed to facilitate identity, data, and payment services India has also inked similar MoUs with countries such as Armenia, Sierra Leone, Suriname, and Antigua & Barbuda India has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Trinidad and Tobago to share the India Stack with the Caribbean nation for mutual digital advancement. The two countries will work together to cooperate in the areas of ‘digital transformation’ by leveraging the capabilities of India Stack.  “Both sides agreed to cooperate in the areas of digital transformation by means of capacity building, training programmes, exchange of best practices, exchange of public officials and experts, development of pilot or demo solutions…,” the Ministry of Electronic and Information Technology (MeitY) said in a statement on Thursday (August 17).  As per Minister of State (MoS) for Electronics and Information Technology Rajeev Chandrasekhar, the partnership will create a robust and innovative ecosystem of startups, developers and system integrators. “With the help of India Stack, these countries can climb up the digitalisation ladder rapidly and transform their economies and governance… It shall create a robust ecosystem of startups, developers & system integrators working around it on next-gen innovation,” Chandrasekhar said. The signing ceremony was attended by officials from MeitY and the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA).  The collaboration comes close on the heels of a meeting between Chandrasekhar and Trinidad and Tobago’s Minister of Digital Transformation Hassel Bacchus in which they discussed mutual cooperation in the fields of IT, emerging technologies, and the India Stack. India Stack comprises open application programming interfaces (APIs) and digital public goods designed to facilitate identity, data, and payment services. It promotes interoperability by seamlessly integrating components like government identification, payment networks, and data-driven services. The partnership will allow the two countries to collaboratively build innovative public goods infrastructure and enable efficient systems for government services. Besides, the MoU will also pave the way for rapid digitalisation, allowing both countries to climb the technological ladder and unlock new opportunities for economic growth. With the MoU, Trinidad and Tobago has joined a growing list of countries that are looking to adopt the homegrown state-backed initiative. India recently inked similar MoUs with countries such as Armenia, Sierra Leone, Suriname, and Antigua & Barbuda, indicating the growing global interest in India Stack.  Mauritius and Saudi Arabia are also on track to deploy the India Stack, while countries such as France, the UAE, Singapore, and Sri Lanka have begun accepting the Unified Payments Interface (UPI), a key element of the India Stack.  The latest development comes a day after the Union Cabinet approved the expansion of the Digital India initiative with an additional outlay of INR 14,903 Cr. With India Stack, the government aims to leverage the growing scope of the Indian economy and scale the offering globally to increase India Stack’s acceptability and spur usage. 

Bharti Airtel, one of the country’s leading telecommunications service providers, has said that it has successfully completed the minimum roll-out obligation of 5G in accordance with the norms set by the Department of Telecommunications (DoT). The telecom giant has introduced 5G services on 26GHz spectrum in all 22 telecom services of India. “With broader 5G opportunities enabled by 26GHz, the company is poised to continuously drive innovation to create the ultimate Airtel 5G Plus experiences for its customers,” the company said.Airtel added that the 5G performance on the ground demonstrated “remarkable potential and the growing momentum of 5G adoption.” Airtel 5G availabilityAirtel’s 5G service is now available in over 3500 cities and towns across the country. The company says that it has surpassed the 10 million unique customer mark on its 5G network nationally and is well poised to cover every town and key rural area with its 5G service by September 2023.The company also launched unlimited 5G data for its customers with an aim to encourage them to experience next-generation networks. “Customers will now be able to experience ultrafast, reliable and secure 5G Plus services without having to worry about data exhaustion as Airtel removes the capping on data usage across all existing plans,” it said.Jio 5G rolloutAirtel’s announcement comes a few days after country’s biggest telecom giant Jio announced that it completed minimum roll-out obligations in each of the 22 Licensed Service Areas (LSA) by August 11.“Since receiving the 5G spectrum in August last year, our team has been working round the clock to ensure we keep up the pace of the 5G roll-out that we had promised to enable pan-India 5G coverage by the end of this year. This is one of the fastest 5G roll-outs of this scale globally and gives India a prominent position on the global 5G map,” said Akash Ambani, chairman, Reliance Jio Infocomm Limited.

This March, nearly 35,000 AI researchers, technologists, entrepreneurs, and concerned citizens signed an open letter from the nonprofit Future of Life Institute that called for a “pause” on AI development, due to the risks to humanity revealed in the capabilities of programs such as ChatGPT. “Contemporary AI systems are now becoming human-competitive at general tasks, and we must ask ourselves … Should we develop nonhuman minds that might eventually outnumber, outsmart, obsolete and replace us?” I could still be proven wrong, but almost six months later and with AI development faster than ever, civilization hasn’t crumbled. Heck, Bing Chat, Microsoft’s “revolutionary,” ChatGPT-infused search oracle, hasn’t even displaced Google as the leader in search. So what should we make of the letter and similar sci-fi warnings backed by worthy names about the risks posed by AI? Two enterprising students at MIT, Isabella Struckman and Sofie Kupiec, reached out to the first hundred signatories of the letter calling for a pause on AI development to learn more about their motivations and concerns. The duo’s write-up of their findings reveals a broad array of perspectives among those who put their name to the document. Despite the letter’s public reception, relatively few were actually worried about AI posing a looming threat to humanity itself. Many of the people Struckman and Kupiec spoke to did not believe a six-month pause would happen or would have much effect. Most of those who signed did not envision the “apocalyptic scenario” that one anonymous respondent acknowledged some parts of the letter evoked. A significant number of those who signed were, it seems, primarily concerned with the pace of competition between Google, OpenAI, Microsoft, and others, as hype around the potential of AI tools like ChatGPT reached giddy heights. Google was the original developer of several algorithms key to the chatbot’s creation, but it moved relatively slowly until ChatGPT-mania took hold. To these people, the prospect of companies rushing to release experimental algorithms without exploring the risks was a cause for concern—not because they might wipe out humanity but because they might spread disinformation, produce harmful or biased advice, or increase the influence and wealth of already very powerful tech companies. Some signatories also worried about the more distant possibility of AI displacing workers at hitherto unseen speed. And a number also felt that the statement would help draw the public’s attention to significant and surprising leaps in the performance of AI models, perhaps pushing regulators into taking some sort of action to address the near-term risks posed by advances in AI. Back in May, I spoke to a few of those who signed the letter, and it was clear that they did not all agree entirely with everything it said. They signed out of a feeling that the momentum building behind the letter would draw attention to the various risks that worried them, and was therefore worth backing.

Managing the rise of general artificial intelligence. Achieving true decarbonization in time to prevent the worst effects of climate change. Keeping critical computing systems — and by extension, the infrastructure that keeps society humming — safe from next-generation cybersecurity threats. These are just three of the massive challenges facing humanity. They’re also massive business opportunities for entrepreneurs with the vision and technical know-how to develop solutions at scale. The work those entrepreneurs do wouldn’t be possible without support from legions of investors who share their vision and values — and who are willing to put up their own money to bring solutions to life. Some of these investors are household names, or close to it. You’ve probably heard of Sergey Brin, for sure. But most of them work under the radar, out of view of the general public. Well-known in investor circles though they might be, you wouldn’t look twice if they passed you in the grocery aisle. Their stories deserve telling all the same. Here’s what five of the most ambitious are working on right now. 1. Sky Dayton photo credit: SkyDayton.com Sky Dayton made his name (and his first fortune) as a dial-up internet pioneer. He founded EarthLink, which internet users of a certain age will no doubt remember, and eventually scaled the company into the United States’ biggest dial-up internet provider. Dayton later made big bets on the future of WiFi and smartphones, but his days as an in-the-trenches founder appear to be behind him. Now, he’s known in disruptor circles as one of the most innovative, out-of-the-box investors and advisors around. He’s involved with promising startups in personal aviation (yes, air taxis will be a thing sooner or later) and next-generation flight simulation, along with slightly more conventional e-commerce and structured data plays. 2. Craig Venter photo credit: Wikimedia Commons / CC 2.5 Craig Venter shot to fame as a key member of the team that sequenced the first human genome. With a biotech background and a researcher’s meticulous, low-key demeanor, he’s not the first person you’d imagine as the face of revolutionary medicine. But he leveraged his success in the lab to build support for his Human Longevity startup, which offers personalized health solutions and eventually aims to radically lengthen human lifespans. 3. Sergey Brin photo credit: Wikimedia Commons / CC 2.0 Sergey Brin will always be known as one of Google’s cofounders. He’s still involved with the company, now known as Alphabet, but not in any of its core businesses. Instead, he’s using a portion of Alphabet’s considerable revenue stream — along with plenty of his own money — to fund a grab-bag of speculative “moonshots” that could transform the way we live, work, and recreate. Not all of these moonshots have been successful. Google’s biotech record is mixed at best, and its exciting Project Loon effort to bring high-speed internet to hard-to-reach locales (including disaster-hit cities and rural areas) was quietly shelved amid technical challenges. But Brin has the drive and resources to achieve real breakthroughs, so stay tuned. 4. Larry Fink photo credit: Wikimedia Commons | CC 3.0 Larry Fink is the chairman and chief executive of Blackrock, the private equity behemoth. He’s a household name in the finance industry. He’s also the face of ESG (environmental, social, governance) investing, which rewards companies that do right by their workforces, customers, and the planet. ESG has sparked a political backlash in the United States, to the point that Fink has stopped using the term in public, but the cat is out of the bag. Many competing private equity firms (and independent investors) now incorporate ESG logic into their process. That’s accelerating the transition to more people- and planet-friendly technologies, especially in the sustainability and clean energy spaces. 5. Peter Diamandis photo credit: Diamandis.com Peter Diamandis is the driving force behind the X Prize, which is widely credited with jumpstarting the commercial spaceflight industry back in the 2000s. That alone qualifies him as a forward thinker. But Diamandis’ real long-term value add could be his work with Singularity University, where he’s executive chairman. Singularity University is an accelerator hub for disruptive technology, with special focus on what its backers (and a growing number of tech investors) believe is a looming artificial intelligence explosion. Even as for-profit entrants like OpenAI make public breakthroughs, Singularity University stands to play a big role in a world where truly intelligent AI systems are accessible to all. The Future Is Waiting These five investors are doing more than most to pull the future forward into the present. They’re working on some of the biggest challenges humanity has ever faced. They believe that we have the power to solve these challenges with real, scalable solutions that employ existing and soon-to-exist technologies. They have a lot of capital at their disposal. But given the scale at which they’re working, it’s not enough. They need help from like-minded founders, investors, and allies. Because the future can’t will itself into existence — that’s our job.

Microsoft introduced a side-panel in Edge with a handful of options like ability to run apps, Apple Music, share files, etc. But, the most important addition was the Bing integration in the form of Discover. Google is introducing something similar to its Chrome web browser. Google has been testing the side panel since 2022It’s not that Google has just got the idea to introduce something like this. The feature has been in test for almost over an year and now, the company is rolling it out to Chrome with the latest update. Now, Chrome already has a side panel that has options like Reading List, Bookmarks and Journeys and Customise. With the Chrome 116 update, Google has introduced Search in the side panel as well. The side panel now shows a search field along with a Lens shortcut. The search bar lets users run a search without actually leaving the webpage. And, the Lens lets users drag and upload an image or select a particular area of a web page to run a search.The user interface is more or less similar to what we see on mobile phones. Expect there’s a dedicated button that lets users move the search result in a new tab. The side panel search result remains active as clicking on links opens in the current tab. This will allow users to quickly open a new page and look for information or broaden your search for a particular topic. Google Chrome side panel with search integration is available in Chrome 116 update. Users will need to install the latest version available to get this feature. To do this, open Google Chrome on your PC, click on the three dots at the top right corner and head to About Chrome option. Here Chrome will automatically check for updates and promote users to restart it to install the update.

Cryptocurrency, introduced in 2009, has emerged as a revolutionary concept, captivating mainstream conversations and influencing consumer decision-making. As a digital medium of exchange, it operates independently of banks and governments, traded around the clock, and increasingly recognized as a legitimate payment method. However, before making a decision on whether to accept cryptocurrency as a form of payment from customers, small business owners must meticulously consider both technical and pragmatic factors. In this comprehensive guide, we will delve deeper into the various aspects of cryptocurrency acceptance and explore how innovative blockchain startups are pushing the boundaries in this rapidly evolving space. Did you Know? A fascinating statistic reveals that a staggering 3 out of 4 retailers are gearing up to embrace cryptocurrency payments, driven by the desire to project a cutting-edge image and harness the significant marketing influence of this tech trend. Understanding Cryptocurrency At its core, cryptocurrency operates on peer-to-peer blockchain technology, facilitating direct transactions without the need for intermediaries. Users retain control of their encrypted funds, adding an extra layer of security in an age when data breaches and cyber threats have become all too common. Have you Fallen Victim to Crypto Scams? Assistance is Available If you’ve been targeted by a crypto scam, it’s essential to understand that assistance is accessible. Despite the distress of being scammed, there are services dedicated to aiding you in regaining control. Reaching out for support is the initial step towards reclaiming your stolen funds. Cyberclaims is committed to a cyber theft-free world and is dedicated to achieving tangible outcomes for financial crime victims and those affected by online fraud. This transformative solution is geared towards helping you locate lost digital assets and potentially restoring what’s rightfully yours. Backed by cutting-edge cryptocurrency intelligence and blockchain analytics, Cyberclaims specializes in cryptocurrency tracing solutions for both individuals and businesses impacted by cybercrime. Advantages for Small Business The integration of cryptocurrency into your business model can offer numerous benefits: Tech Innovation: By embracing cryptocurrency, your business can demonstrate its technological acumen and forward-thinking approach, positioning itself at the forefront of financial innovation. Attracting New Customers: Accepting cryptocurrency opens doors to a vast community of enthusiasts who prefer utilizing digital currencies for their transactions, broadening your customer base significantly. Fraud Prevention: One of the most appealing aspects of cryptocurrency transactions is the mitigation of chargebacks and other payment-related frauds, as transactions are final and irreversible, much like cash exchanges. Global Reach: Cryptocurrency empowers small businesses to break geographical barriers and cater to international customers without the complexities and limitations associated with traditional financial systems. Customer Convenience: Offering cryptocurrency payments provides customers with added payment options, enhancing their convenience, while also safeguarding their sensitive information through encryption. Potential Risks While there are undeniable advantages, it is essential to remain vigilant about potential risks: Technical Barriers: Embracing cryptocurrency may require small business owners to navigate the process of setting up digital wallets on digital currency exchanges, which can be challenging for those unfamiliar with the intricacies of the technology. Cryptocurrency, being an information-rich domain with a relatively steep learning curve, may prove to be a substantial obstacle when managing day-to-day business operations. Price Volatility: Perhaps one of the most notorious characteristics of digital currencies is their inherent price volatility, leading to unpredictable fluctuations in value. For instance, the value of Bitcoin experienced dramatic swings, surging from mere pennies in 2009 to over $64,000 per coin in February 2021, only to plummet to less than $28,500 per coin in May 2023. Security Issues: While cryptocurrency transactions enhance security by eliminating the risk of stolen credit card numbers, they are not entirely impervious to cybersecurity threats. Cybercriminals may still exploit vulnerabilities to gain unauthorized access to users’ digital wallets. Unlike fiat currencies, backed and insured by governments, cryptocurrencies lack such safeguards. Regulatory Uncertainty: Cryptocurrency’s regulatory landscape remains dynamic as lawmakers seek to establish new regulations governing its use. This ever-evolving environment demands adaptability from businesses to navigate emerging challenges effectively. Securing your Business To safeguard your foray into the world of cryptocurrency, consider implementing the following measures: Enhancing Security: Bolster cybersecurity by adopting multifactor authentication, adding an additional layer of protection against potential breaches. Exploring Cold Storage: Consider offline storage solutions such as cold wallets to enhance the security of your cryptocurrency assets, protecting them from online threats. Staying Informed: Remain up-to-date with common crypto scams and potential threats to shield your business from adverse consequences. Embracing the Future Given the growing traction of cryptocurrency, digital wallets are poised to emerge as a preferred payment option for customers. If you decide to incorporate cryptocurrency into your payment repertoire, take the time to understand the technology, set up digital wallets, and effectively communicate this payment option to your customers. However, prudence must guide your actions in this nascent landscape. As potential legislative changes loom, and governing bodies may emerge to monitor cryptocurrency firms, your business must approach this transformation with caution, making well-informed decisions. Support and Recovery In the unfortunate event of encountering crypto scams, services like Cyberclaims can be invaluable allies. Cyberclaims specializes in recovering lost assets, guiding victims through the recovery process, and providing expert assistance in dealing with crypto-related fraud. In a fast-paced world where knowledge and vigilance are critical, Cyberclaims is here to support you in navigating potential financial setbacks. In conclusion, embracing cryptocurrency payments can unlock new financial opportunities for small businesses. However, it is essential to weigh the advantages and risks carefully, taking the necessary precautions to protect your business from potential threats. With the right approach, cryptocurrency can become a powerful tool for enhancing your business’s efficiency, security, and global reach in the ever-evolving landscape of digital finance. Stay informed, stay cautious, and embrace the future of finance with measured confidence.

Experts say there’s a balance to strike in the academic world when using generative AI—it could make the writing process more efficient and help researchers more clearly convey their findings. But the tech—when used in many kinds of writing—has also dropped fake references into its responses, made things up, and reiterated sexist and racist content from the internet, all of which would be problematic if included in published scientific writing. If researchers use these generated responses in their work without strict vetting or disclosure, they raise major credibility issues. Not disclosing use of AI would mean authors are passing off generative AI content as their own, which could be considered plagiarism. They could also potentially be spreading AI’s hallucinations, or its uncanny ability to make things up and state them as fact. It’s a big issue, David Resnik, a bioethicist at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, says of AI use in scientific and academic work. Still, he says, generative AI is not all bad—it could help researchers whose native language is not English write better papers. “AI could help these authors improve the quality of their writing and their chances of having their papers accepted,” Resnik says. But those who use AI should disclose it, he adds. For now, it’s impossible to know how extensively AI is being used in academic publishing, because there’s no foolproof way to check for AI use, as there is for plagiarism. The Resources Policy paper caught a researcher’s attention because the authors seem to have accidentally left behind a clue to a large language model’s possible involvement. “Those are really the tips of the iceberg sticking out,” says Elisabeth Bik, a science integrity consultant who runs the blog Science Integrity Digest. “I think this is a sign that it’s happening on a very large scale.” In 2021, Guillaume Cabanac, a professor of computer science at the University of Toulouse in France, found odd phrases in academic articles, like “counterfeit consciousness” instead of “artificial intelligence.” He and a team coined the idea of looking for “tortured phrases,” or word soup in place of straightforward terms, as indicators that a document likely comes from text generators. He’s also on the lookout for generative AI in journals, and is the one who flagged the Resources Policy study on X. Cabanac investigates studies that may be problematic, and he has been flagging potentially undisclosed AI use. To protect scientific integrity as the tech develops, scientists must educate themselves, he says. “We, as scientists, must act by training ourselves, by knowing about the frauds,” Cabanac says. “It’s a whack-a-mole game. There are new ways to deceive.” Tech advances since have made these language models even more convincing—and more appealing as a writing partner. In July, two researchers used ChatGPT to write an entire research paper in an hour to test the chatbot’s abilities to compete in the scientific publishing world. It wasn’t perfect, but prompting the chatbot did pull together a paper with solid analysis.